Ple4Win

Free spans

Free spans are sections of a pipeline that are not supported by either soil or external supports. In such sections vibration of the span may occur due to the cyclic character of a wave or wind load. PLE can identify those sections, which may differ from the initial layout due to vertical movements. In case of offshore pipelines, PLE can calculate the Dynamic Amplification Factors (DAF's) by which the hydrodynamic forces are multiplied. The amplitude of the pipe vibration is a function of the ratio of the wave (forcing) frequency and the natural frequency of the pipeline span. The closer the wave frequency to the natural frequency, the greater the vibration amplitude and the greater the driving resulting load. The Dynamic Amplification Factor represents the influence of the vibration motion on the (statically determined) wave/current loads. PLE can assist in designing the very important damping and support conditions which may reduce the vibration amplitude considerably.

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